Stanislav Tarasov: Instead of “Great Turan” Turkey can get “Great Kurdistan”. Ankara once again loomed “the shadow of Sevra”

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan made a sensational statement at the commemoration of the 79th anniversary of the death of the founder of the Turkish Republic Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. “Turkey could not protect its borders at the beginning of the national liberation struggle,” Erdogan said. – The main reason for the threats emerging on the southern borders of Turkey is a departure from the goals of the liberation struggle.

If this were not the case, then today Turkey would be on a completely different level. The forces that forced Turkey to withdraw from the borders of the liberation struggle are now trying to force Ankara to return to the terms of the Treaty of Sevres. ” And he added that, “Considering the situation in Syria and Iraq, I believe that Turkey has no right to ignore the threats coming from the regions it claimed during the national liberation struggle”.

Let us note that Erdogan often returns to these pages of national history. In the autumn of 2016, he already called for a revision of the Lausanne Treaty of 1923, which formalized the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, when Turkey lost control over the provinces that were once part of the Ottoman Empire, including Arabia, Egypt, Sudan, Tripolitania, Trans-Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria , the islands in the Aegean Sea and Mesopotamia.

However, then this statement by many political forces in the country, especially the opposition, was interpreted as “Erdogan’s desire to expose himself as a leader who again took the path of national liberation war with the goal of rallying the nation around him.” At the same time, some experts saw Erdogan’s aspiration to “straighten the borders of present-day Turkey in the formation of a new legal order in the Middle East in the course of the” Arab spring “. And what did the Turkish president mean now and why did he again start talking about the Treaty of Sevres with the reference to “forces trying to return Ankara to the terms of this treaty”?

Recall that on August 10, 1920 in the French city of Sevres, the Entente countries signed a peace treaty with the Ottoman Empire, which formally formalized the division of its possessions in Europe and the Middle East. He foresaw the establishment of a Kurdish state in the region, and also, following the arbitration award of US President Woodrow Wilson of November 20, 1920, to Greater Armenia. Wilson introduced to the Allies the proposal that two-thirds of the Wilayettes Wan and Bitlis, almost the whole Erzrum vilayet, a significant part of the Trebizond vilayet, including the port, crossed to Armenia.

As a result, the territory of the “Wilson” Armenia could be about 150 thousand square meters. km and got access to the Black Sea. And with regard to independent Kurdistan, it was supposed that England, France and Turkey would jointly define its borders. However, the Treaty of Sevres was never ratified.
Now the epicenter has moved to Syria, where the Kurds, who are actively supported by the US, are in favor of granting them autonomy status. If this idea is implemented, according to Al Jazeera, the second Kurdish autonomy will appear in the Middle East, and eventually Turkey will have to convert from a unitary state to a federation. After that, the Kurds can take a course on independence. That is why Ankara was seriously alarmed by the statement of Syrian Foreign Minister Walid Muallem that “Damascus is ready to discuss the idea of giving the Kurds more power after the end of the fight against IGIL” (an organization whose activities are banned in Russia) while “maintaining the state sovereignty of Syria”.

Of course, it is difficult to foresee the further development of events in Syria, Iraq, and Turkey in the reality that is now being formed. It is not by chance that they are once again recalling the new map of the Middle East, published in 2013 in the newspaper The New York Times by the American scientist of the US Institute of Peace Robin Wright. He believes that the result of the ongoing “Arab Spring” in the region should be the emergence of 14 states out of the existing five in the number of really existing “powerful nationalisms” covered by the “whirlpool of the civil war”. In addition, according to Wright, “interconfessional confrontation leads to a split between Sunnis and Shiites in such a scale that the modern Middle East has not yet seen.”
But so far the following is indisputable. The Middle East region, connected with an artificial and not coinciding with the areas of ethnic settlement of borders, has come into motion, which is unlikely to be stopped by anyone. Changes in the region directly affect the states of Transcaucasia, primarily Azerbaijan and Armenia. If the foundations of the Treaty of Lausanne collapse in 1923, both the Moscow and Kara agreements of the 1920s, which created the borders between Turkey and the Transcaucasian states, will collapse.

And then they will remember the Treaty of Sevres in 1920, by which, by the way, there is no signature of Russia. If now the south-east of Turkey passes under the control of the Kurds, the transfer to the Turks of Kars, Ardagan, Artvin and Surmalinsky County, stipulated by the Moscow Treaty, and Nakhichevan as a protectorate of the Azerbaijan SSR (now Azerbaijan), may be put under question.

Theoretically, the following geopolitical outlines can be identified: the Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh), the Eastern Armenian Republic are allies of Russia, the Western Armenian Republic is under the Western protectorate. But, we repeat, all this will be directly connected with the processes of geopolitical transformation in the Greater Middle East. Moscow must be prepared for the alleged course of events, not only politico-military.

Finally, it can not be ruled out that the West will propose signing, under certain circumstances, a new agreement such as Sykes-Pico of 1916 on the division of spheres of influence in the Middle East. It is time to take the most serious historical decisions. President Erdogan will arrive in Sochi on November 13 at the invitation of Russian President Vladimir Putin. So everything is not easy.

ORIGINES SOURCE – IA REGNUM

Lousavor Avedis

VIDEO. RA Minister of Diaspora Hranush Hakobyan on the results of the 6-th Pan-Armenian Forum “Armenia-Diaspora 2017”

Aram Ananyan: “Hranush Hakobyan’s book “The Armenian Diaspora in the Changing World” is an active algorithm”

The main feature of public and political thought of the early 21st century is that the challenges facing the modern world often remain as they are. Yes, the world is in search of solutions to new problems, and this serves as a basis for many thinkers to consider the present a period of uncertainties. Books that help seek and find comprehensive solutions to the current challenges for foreign and Armenian political and historiographical thinkers are simply a necessity. In the case of the Armenians, they are more than in-demand since, as a society and an academic community, we Armenians can’t allow ourselves the luxury of staying behind the developments of intelligentsia in the world.

In this context, Hranush Hakobyan’s 652-page book “The Armenian Diaspora in the Changing World” is of high value and serves as a serious contribution to Diaspora studies and Armenian social sciences, which is valuable not only in terms of science, but also in terms of methodology and political science. This book, which is based on the fundamental theoretical models and approaches in modern social sciences, provides the formulas for overcoming the challenges of the modern world (active flows of migration, reciprocal penetration of cultures and globalization and the search for identity) with modern interpretations and on the background of the Armenian Diaspora.

It is clear that the current trends of migration and demography will force future thinkers to touch upon the various definitions and interpretations of the multi-layered concept of “Diaspora”. The rapid changes taking place in public life and the peculiarities of globalization will expand the content of the concept, importance will be attached to the identity of the person and nations, and the content and significance of Diaspora studies will be enriched. Hakobyan’s book “The Armenian Diaspora in the Changing World” is also important in that, besides the historical and political analysis, it also presents proposals and a vision for the partnership between Armenia and the Diaspora, which are like two vessels in contact with each other. In other words, it is an active algorithm for the development of relations, partnership and complementarity.

The author has dedicated the first chapter of the book to the origin and current description of the Armenian Diaspora. The origin of the Diaspora and Armenian communities is the condensation of the history of our nation. The author has managed to masterfully combine the rich palette of the Armenian Diaspora, the history of its development and the current state, touch upon the establishment of pan-Armenian networks, the tremendous efforts of Armenian schools, churches, cultural institutions, benevolent organizations and other structures and comprehensively present the role of Armenian communities in the international recognition and condemnation of the Armenian Genocide and the participation of Armenians in the development and advancement of world civilization. It is clear to see the in-depth and comprehensive knowledge of issues presented by the author, as well as the modernity and innovativeness of the ideas that are proposed. The recommendations are based on the knowledge of new instrumentation for unified and effective solutions to the challenges facing Armenia and the Armenian Diaspora and the achievement of a synergic outcome, which is important in terms of theoretical discussions and practical application.

The main emphasis in the second chapter of the monograph is on the growing risks and challenges in the rapidly changing world that had their negative impact on the Armenians. They make the unresolved issues of all Armenians issues that are the current objectives. Those issues are the following: exercise of the inviolable right of the people of Artsakh to self-determination; international recognition of the Armenian Genocide and the inimical policy of Turkey and Azerbaijan against Armenia, Artsakh and the Diaspora. In this sense, Hakobyan’s recommendation is practical and very effective. Hakobyan recommends to strengthen our unified potential and to gear it towards the advancement and development of Armenia and Artsakh. The proposed formula is unity. The author is right when she starts placing emphasis on the importance of identity and the system of values strengthening the Armenian identity (the search for identity in the modern world will be the major factor that is characteristic of social relations). The Armenian language, Armenian culture, historical heritage and memory, family, Christianity and national institutions serve as the pillars of that identity.

The third chapter shows the author not only as a meticulous and gifted researcher, but also an experienced state figure with a broad vision. Hranush Hakobyan discloses the formula for the Armenia-Diaspora partnership and relations by comprehensively evaluating the new stage of the state policy, the constitutionalization of the Diaspora and the activities of the Ministry of Diaspora. Enrichment of the essence and content of the state policy on the Diaspora and the philosophy of the activities of the Ministry of Diaspora show the importance of participation, and this chapter of the monograph serves as a unique call in terms of consolidating the potential of the Armenian nation. The successes of Armenians will reinforce the Armenians and our identity.

The monograph “The Armenian Diaspora in the Changing World” also serves as a tremendous database with many tables and lists of names that make it even more comprehensive and make this modern and important book become of encyclopedic value.

Aram Ananyan

Director of “Armenpress” Armenian News Agency

Candidate of Historical Sciences

http://hayernaysor.am

Declaration of the participants of the 6th Armenia-Diaspora Pan-Armenian Conference

Presents the declaration adopted by the participants of the 6th Armenia-Diaspora Pan-Armenian Conference.

We,

the participants of the 6th Armenia-Diaspora Pan-Armenian Conference held under the title “Mutual Trust, Unity and Responsibility” in Yerevan on the threshold of the 100th anniversary of the declaration of the First Republic of Armenia, the 100th anniversary of the Battles of May 1918 and the 2,800thanniversary of the foundation of Erebouni-Yerevan,

Guided by the imperative of consolidation of the potential of all Armenians, ongoing dialogue and multi-layered engagement for the strengthening of the Armenia-Artsakh-Diaspora triumvirate;

Attaching importance to the joint enshrining of the goals of the nation, the development of plans for accomplishment of those goals, the provision of an opportunity for everyone to participate by different means and the awareness of all Armenians of their collective responsibility for the outcomes;

Taking into consideration the fact that the empowerment of the Republic of Armenia and the Artsakh Republic and the strengthening of their national security, further reinforcement of democratic institutions and systems of governance, dynamic economic development, increase of the living standard of the people and their spiritual, educational and cultural advancement, the preservation of the national identity and cultural development within the Armenian communities of the Diaspora are the guarantees of the Armenia-Artsakh-Diaspora triumvirate and the collective goals of the entire Armenian nation;

Considering consolidation around spiritual, moral and conventional values, strengthening of the Armenian family and stimulation of the birth rate as vital;

Reaffirming our pan-national responsibility for exercise, by the people of Artsakh, of their inviolable right to dispose their destiny freely, for the development of democracy in Artsakh and for its full-fledged integration into the international community;

Realizing the need for response to the current and potential challenges facing Armenia, Artsakh and the Diaspora through consolidation of the efforts of the State, the Armenian Church, pan-Armenian structures and community organizations and for the solution to pan-Armenian issues through combined efforts;

With the conviction that the dynamic growth of Armenian communities of the Diaspora in a changing world provides the opportunity to participate in the economic and cultural development of Armenia and Artsakh in a new way and help build a powerful homeland through that effort;

Stating that the Constitution of the Republic of Armenia enshrines the mission of the State to lead a policy on preservation of the Armenian identity and promote repatriation multilaterally, which will convey new quality and content to Armenia-Diaspora relations;

Certifying that the struggle of the Armenian nation for protection of its rights and restoration of justice is hinged on universal values and serves as one of the key benchmarks for our pan-national partnership;

Welcoming the process of formation of the Pan-Armenian Council as the ongoing development and enrichment of a unified agenda, as specification of the pan-national priorities, as consolidation of the intellectual potential of the nation and as the creation of a platform for high-level strategic dialogue;

Staying true to the principles stated in the Pan-Armenian Declaration on the Centennial of the Armenian Genocide;

We reaffirm our willingness to further strengthen the Armenia-Artsakh-Diaspora triumvirate in order to accomplish and resolve the following goals and issues together, with mutual responsibility and through consolidation of human, material and spiritual potential:

to empower the Republic of Armenia and the Artsakh Republic, strengthen the national security of the Republics and make them prosperous, consolidate the Armenian communities of the Diaspora, preserve the national identity and encourage repatriation;

to reach a peaceful and just resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and achieve international recognition of the exercise, by the people of Artsakh, of their right to self-determination;

to implement a more unified and coordinated policy for international recognition and condemnation of the Armenian Genocide and elimination of the consequences of the Armenian Genocide planned and perpetrated by the Ottoman Empire and various administrations of Turkey and maintain the firm position, on the frontline, in the struggle of the international community for the prevention of genocides and crimes against humanity, considering this as a moral duty – hinged on universal values and international law – of a nation of genocide survivors to the whole international community;

in the process of international recognition of the Armenian Genocide, to further raise the level of awareness, attach importance to the preservation and transfer of historical memory and lead the struggle against denial and depreciation of the crime, including by legal force;

to strengthen the protection of Armenia, modernize the military-technical, technological and professional potential of the armed forces and enhance the military production complex as a driving force for economic development and technological advancement and as a key direction for implementation of the “Nation-Army” Concept Paper;

to lead a unified struggle against Armenophobia and anti-Armenian propaganda on different information platforms around the world and continue to implement practical programs and coordinated activities to neutralize the impact of such a policy;

to disseminate and strengthen the collective qualities of the national identity among young people, reinforce Armenian schools, bring up generations of Armenians with the spirit of “Armenianness”, introduce modern technologies in Armenian education and develop and implement new programs and projects for homeland recognition;

reinforce within Armenians love, solidarity, tolerance, trust and unity, ensure a favorable environment for Armenians to live in safety and to live a dignified life;

to combine efforts to resist and overcome the challenges facing Armenian communities and identify other potential challenges;

to show multilateral support to Armenians in the Middle East and particularly to the Armenians undergoing trials and tribulations in Syria, preserve Armenian institutions, historic and cultural monuments and cultural assets in that region;

to develop and implement programs for the enhancement of various spheres of activity in the settlements of Armenia and Artsakh (particularly borderline settlements);

to raise the level of awareness of the international community about Armenia and Artsakh, form a pan-Armenian agenda for that purpose and develop and implement a unified policy to achieve the goal through new and conventional institutions;

to exert combined efforts to preserve Armenian historical and cultural heritage in different countries, properly present Armenian culture in the world and help Armenian communities become self-organized;

to consolidate the potential of professionals of Armenia and the Diaspora to support the preservation, dissemination and regulation of the Western Armenian language and the teaching of Armenian and subjects devoted to Armenia and the Armenians in the Diaspora.

We, the participants of the conference, fully hope that all the structures and organizations of Armenia, Artsakh and the Diaspora, with broad engagement of young Armenians, properly celebrate the 100thanniversary of the First Republic of Armenia, the 100th anniversary of the Battles of May, as well as the 2,800th anniversary of the foundation of Yerevan, the capital of Armenia.

We guarantee that this DECLARATION will serve as a benchmark for all Armenians, the state authorities of the Republic of Armenia and the Artsakh Republic, the Armenian Church, as well as pan-Armenian and community structures and organizations to be consistent with the accomplishment of the pan-Armenian goals.

Participants of the 6th Armenia-Diaspora Pan-Armenian Conference

Yerevan – 20 September 2017

“Hayern Aysor”

Shoghik Pahlevanyan: “Teaching a language through song is easier and more pleasurable”

Director and teacher of “Veratsnund” (Renaissance) Armenian Sunday School of Moscow (adjunct to the Embassy of the Republic of Armenia in the Russian Federation), Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences Shoghik Pahlevanyan recently released her book “Collection of Armenian Songs”. On this occasion, Hayern Aysor’s correspondent sat down for an interview with the book’s author.

Hayern Aysor: Mrs. Pahlevanyan, you recently released your new book entitled “Collection of Armenian Songs”. What made you publish this book? What is the purpose?

Shoghik Pahlevanyan: The idea of publishing the “Collection of Armenian Songs” was conceived a long time ago since teaching a language through songs makes the process of teaching easier and more pleasurable. It also helps students have a solid understanding of the tones and words of a particular language and helps enhance linguistic thinking.

Hayern Aysor: What audience is the book designed for?

Shoghik Pahlevanyan: The book is designed for preschoolers, small school-age children and schoolchildren at the intermediate and higher levels, as well as teachers and those wishing to learn Armenian and examine Armenian songs.

Hayern Aysor: How did you select the songs?

Shoghik Pahlevanyan: This book serves as a wonderful way of helping people learn about Armenian musical culture since it includes 68 Armenian ethnographic songs and the songs of great Armenian composers. I divided the songs into themes and presented the whole picture of Armenian song.

Hayern Aysor: Mrs. Pahlevanyan, is this your first textbook of Armenian songs?

Shoghik Pahlevanyan: I think this is the first handbook of Armenian songs for Armenians since it features the originals of the songs in Armenian, their translations, the transcriptions and the musical notations of the songs.

Hayern Aysor: How has the feedback been?

Shoghik Pahlevanyan: There have been critiques and many words of appraisal from not only specialists in Armenia, but also teachers of Armenian schools of Russia, and they are all objective.

I have received critiques and opinions from Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Merited Pedagogue of the Republic of Armenia Yuri Yuzbashyan; Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor Julieta Gyulamiryan; Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor Ashot Galstyan; Doctor of Philological Sciences, Director of M. Abeghyan Institute of Literature Vardan Devrikyan; Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor Lilit Ter-Grigoryan, as well as the book’s editor, Candidate of Philological Sciences Lusine Hayriyan and others.

Hayern Aysor: Mrs. Pahlevanyan, alongside this book, you have also been holding Accelerated Armenian Language Courses, which are part of the “Ari Tun” Program. What experience have you gained throughout all these years?

Shoghik Pahlevanyan: I must say that working with the young Armenians visiting Armenia through the “Ari Tun” Program has been very interesting. During their short stay, I have to instill in them the love for the Armenian language, and that love can grow in the future.

At the same time, these courses helped me become convinced that the methodical benchmark of my textbooks (“Russian-Armenian Conversational Book”, “Russian-English-Armenian Conversational Book”, Collection of Armenian Songs”, etc.) is right, and this helps accelerate the process of teaching the Armenian language.

Հayern Աysor

VIDEO: «VI Forum” Armenia-Diaspora 2017»

6-th session. Deputies of the Parliament of Western Armenia (16.09.2017)

 List of Deputies of the National Assembly (Parliament) of Western Armenia (6-th session, 16.09.2017)

        Surname   Name

  • Aprahamian Vrej
  • Aramyan Hrayr
  • Atakyan Vladimir
  • Avetisyan Perch
  • Avetisyan Kamo
  • Avtandilyan Vanya
  • Babakhanyan Vahan
  • Babayan Tigran
  • Babayan Hasmik
  • Balaian David
  • Bangoyan  Armen
  • Bassam Tahhan
  • Beglaryan Levon
  • Chityan Azniv
  • Dalbas Sevan
  • Demir Murad
  • Gareginyan Ashot
  • Gazarosyan Jean
  • Grigoryan Diana
  • Grigoryan Ernest
  • Gyuloyan Yuliya
  • Hambardzumyan Hrachya
  • Harmandayan Armenag
  • Harutyunyan Hayk
  • Harutyunyan Tigran
  • Hovhannisyan Armen
  • Kalamkeryan Vardan
  • Karagozyan Karapet
  • Kazandjian Ashod
  • Kerselyan Suren
  • Khachatrya Yeghishe
  • Khachatryan Anna
  • Khinoev David
  • Khosroev Razmik
  • Melikdzhanyan Arsen
  • Melikyan Artashes
  • Melkumyan Sergey
  • Mheryan Samvel
  • Muradyan Valera
  • Nahatakyan Anahit
  • Nazarian Beatrice
  • Nikogosyan Alvard
  • Ohanyan Saida
  • Polatov Edward
  • Prazyan Karen
  • Sagertyants Vagarshak
  • Sananyan Vardan
  • Saryan Ashot
  • Sedrakyan Vardan
  • Shakhnazarian Anushavan
  • Shirinyan Hrachya
  • Ter-Martirosyan Aram
  • Ter-Ovannesov Konstantin
  • Ter-Ovannesova Karine
  • Ter-Sarkisyan Armen
  • Tonoyan Armen
  • Trapizonyan Galust
  • Urushanov Mikhail
  • Vardanyan Karen

List of Deputies of the National Assembly (Parliament) of Western Armenia

7-year-old Armenian from Chicago wins World Chess Championship – 2017

A 7-year-old American chess player of Armenian origin, Aren Emrikian has won the World Chess Federation’s Cadet Championship gold medal for male players younger than 8, The Chicago Tribune reports.

His victory came after 11 rounds of play in the Brazilian city of Pocos de Caldas.

In a recent interview, Emrikian reveals that it was his mom who taught him play chess. Continue reading

Nourdjan BAÏSSAL: «Respect des os»

Dans les SMI de la semaine dernière on a pu lire que les responsables de la municipalité d’Edremit (arm. Artamet – transcription supposée) de la région de Van ont fait construire une plage publique avec vestiaire et WC sur l’emplacement  historique du cimetière arménien. Les ossements ont été dispersés à travers tout le cimetière. A ce sujet la municipalité s’est expliquée sur son compte Twitter :

« L’information donnée par l’agence Didjlé concernant la destruction d’un cimetière arménien et l’édification à sa place d’une plage publique etc.. est totalement fausse ; dans cette région il n’y a pas de cimetière arménien ».

Le responsable administratif fera tout pour occulter sa honte. Malheureusement, du haut de mes quarante ans, j’ai été témoin de tels actes et cela ne m’étonne plus. Il s’agit seulement d’un nouvel acte honteux commis à l’encontre du peuple arménien dont j’ai pris connaissance pendant les débats et ai lu les commentaires suivants :

En voici quelques uns :

«  arméniens traîtres et sales porcs, ne jouez pas avec la patience du peuple turc sinon vous ne trouverez plus aucune pierre tombale »

« Ce ne sont pas des arméniens qui y sont enterrés mais des terroristes ordinaires »

« Si quelqu’un a commis cet acte, ce sont bien les arméniens »

« Au cimetière il n’y avait pas de WC. Donc c’est un service rendu à nos citoyens arméniens… »

Faut-il s’étonner des paroles d’un tel « individu » ? On a construit un wc sur des tombes d’arméniens qui sont pourtant citoyens de votre gouvernement et de plus il menace : « sales porcs d’arméniens, vous ne trouverez plus aucune pierre tombale » écrit-il. Et il faut de plus considérer ces wc comme un cadeau rendu aux arméniens…. La haine, la haine, rien que de la haine !

Après ce tweet, nous apprenons que cette plage publique est fermée, que des camions et des excavateurs ont commencé les travaux, que le chef religieux protestant de Van, Vakhit Yildyz , n’a pu y pénétrer. Yildyz a déclaré que des ossements ont été repérés dans les tas de terre retournée : « Dans des lieux comme les églises, cimetières ou sanctuaires il n’est pas bon de construire des toilettes, des douches ; c’est contraire à l’éthique » a-t-il souligné. Si la pareille avait été faite dans un cimetière musulman, il est plus que probable qu’une mobilisation ait lieu.

Il y a eu tant de violences sur cette terre. Les arméniens, les assyriens, les chaldéens, ces peuples ont été anéanti sur cette terre. Nos grands-pères aussi ont participé  à ces massacre et  génocides. Depuis de longues années je vis avec cette honte. Je ne veux plus partager cette honte à cause de ce qui s’est passé dans ce pays. Je ne me considère pas comme une composante de cette société. Je ressens une colère terrible envers ceux qui ont accompli ces actes. Je veux lutter contre ceux qui accomplissent ces actes barbares, ces pogroms, ces crimes. Je veux que cela ne se reproduise plus.

Ma grand-mère Aïcha, décédée à l’âge de 104 ans, me racontait comment on avait tué leurs voisins arméniens. A coup de pelle, de hache, à coups de feu ; on les jetait du haut de la falaise de notre village et elle les a pleurés jusqu’à sa mort. Ma grand-mère me racontait encore que les os savent également parler. Ma grand-mère disait qu’elle en avait entendus parlé. Ils priaient qu’on s’occupe d’eux et qu’au moins, quelquefois, on vienne leur rendre visite.

Dans ce pays on ne respecte pas les vestiges d’ossement. Ici on tue, on affame, on laisse sans travail, on jette dans les prisons. Mais maintenant nous savons en plus, qu’ici, on est capable de construire des wc sur les tombes !

Mais les ossements parlent…

Nourdjan BAÏSSAL

Militante, écrivain d’Amid

Voskanapat info

Stanislav Tarassov: «L’organisation du référendum concernant l’indépendance du Kurdistan irakien est incertaine»

A la veille du référendum concernant l’indépendance du Kurdistan irakien prévu le 25 septembre, la capitale de cette région non encore indépendante est devenue « la Mecque politique » du Proche Orient. De nombreuses délégations étrangères  se rendent à Erbil pour discuter avec les dirigeants locaux des perspectives du développement  de la situation non seulement en Irak mais dans toute la région. Effectivement, la situation évolue rapidement et de manière très significative  au point de presque faire oublier la lutte contre DAECH (organisation dont l’activité est interdite en Fédération de Russie). Donc le facteur de désagrégation – après celle de la Lybie – d’un autre Etat arabe conduira fatalement à la formation de nouveaux centres de force qui ne seront certainement pas capables de collaborer dans le futur.

De plus n’oublions pas que pratiquement tous les Etats du Proche Orient ont été créé, arbitrairement, à l’époque coloniale. C’est la raison pour laquelle l’apparition d’un Kurdistan indépendant peut avoir un effet domino et faire crouler toute la construction géopolitique actuelle. Personne ne conteste plus cela, les questions concernent les détails. Parmi les Etats où vivent les Kurdes – la Turquie, l’Iran, la Syrie – seuls les kurdes d’Irak jouissent d’une réelle autonomie avec les pleins attributs  gouvernementaux. Là, ils peuvent réaliser leur but historique fondamental qui tôt ou tard imposera le projet de « Grand Kurdistan ».

Il ne faut pas non plus exclure le fait que les Kurdes de Syrie réussissent à obtenir leur autonomie. A la suite de l’Irak , le mouvement  conduira à stimuler  des changements dans le statut des kurdes de Turquie et d’Iran. Ainsi se conclura une chaîne d’évènements, étonnante et paradoxale, commencés en 2011 avec « le printemps arabe », le renforcement de l’islam radical, l’apparition de DAECH (organisation dont l’activité est interdite en Féd de Russie), le projet d’institution d’un  khalifat,  l’émergence potentielle sur la scène politique d’un projet de Kurdistan en Turquie, Syrie, Iran, doté de structures étatiques kurdes. C’est-à-dire que, si à l’heure actuelle nous avons affaire à quelques Etats turks : Turquie, le Nord de Chypre, Azerbaïdjan et quelques Etats d’Asie centrale,  dans le futur peuvent émerger quelques pays kurdes.

Et il sera même possible de voir deux Arménies, l’une en Transcaucasie et l’autre au Proche Orient. Ce n’est pas pour rien qu’ Ilham Aliev, président de l’Azerbaïdjan, déclare qu’ « il ne tolérera pas l’apparition d’un deuxième Etat arménien dans la région » et Regep Taip Erdogan, président de la Turquie, dit qu’ « il n’admettra pas la formation en Syrie d’un Etat kurde de plus ». Aliev, se référant une fois de plus à des sources non nommées, a souligné que « on l’enjoint à reconnaître l’indépendance  du Nagorno-Karabakh » puis Erdogan , au cours de ses prises de paroles,  a évoqué « la dislocation du pays ».

Ankara qui a besoin du soutien de ses alliés de l’OTAN et, se trouvant sous la pression du Parti des travailleurs kurdes (PKK), du parti « Union démocratique » (PYD) et de DAECH (organisation dont l’activité est interdite en F. de R), se retrouve devant le fait que certains membres de l’OTAN, directement ou indirectement, soutiennent ces mouvements comme le constate le journal Cumhuriyet. Se référant à de nombreux experts turcs bien informés, il pronostique que « la région que nous nommons Proche Orient a, de fait, fait émerger un Etat kurde indépendant » et qu’il faut  réétudier   le Traité de Sèvres de 1920 qui stipulait  la création d’un Grand Etat d’Arménie et « admettait seulement la formation d’un Etat kurde, indépendant de la Turquie ».

En outre, Cumhuryiet estime que « Ankara, à plus ou moins brève échéance, n’aura d’autre alternative que de reconnaître  un Kurdistan indépendant , de consentir à une résolution de la question arménienne » et l’Azerbaïdjan « aller vers la reconnaissance de l’indépendance du Nagorno-Karabakh ». Le drame dans la situation de la Turquie et de l’Azerbaïdjan réside dans le fait que les menaces envers leurs gouvernements ne viennent pas du nord, pas de la Russie mais du sud auprès duquel ils ont par tradition cherché des alliés. Pour l’instant tous les regards sont concentrés sur Erbil, sur sa capacité ou non de réaliser son plan d’autodétermination.

Font pression sur lui pour le report du référendum à mars prochain les Etats-Unis, « après avoir défait DAECH (organisation dont l’activité est interdite enRussie) »  ainsi que Bagdad qui ne souhaite pas de divorce, la Turquie qui est à deux doigts de conclure une alliance politico-militaire avec l’Iran contre le mouvement kurde et quelques Etats arabes de la région. Cela oblige les kurdes à manœuvrer.

Ainsi, le proche conseiller de Massoud Barzani, président du Kurdistan, a annoncé que « ce plan ne peut être modifié que si on  donne  aux kurdes de solides garanties internationales sur  une date concrète  pour l’ organisation du vote concernant son indépendance ». En accord avec cette déclaration « Bagdad, Téhéran, Ankara et Washington doivent être les partenaires de cette transaction qui doit également inclure que les parties signataires accepteront les résultats du référendum.

On le voit : Moscou ne figure pas dans la liste bien que d’après les résultats des consultations qui se sont déroulées à Moscou entre le  vice ministre des Affaires Etrangères et représentant particulier du président russe aux affaires du Proche Orient et des Pays africains   Mikhail Bogdanov et son homologue de la République turque Sedate Onal « la Russie et la Turquie ont confirmé vouloir conserver l’unité, la souveraineté et l’intégralité territoriale de l’Irak. Est soulignée l’importance de résoudre les problèmes internes par les irakiens eux-même dans le cadre d’un dialogue  respectueux des intérêts de toutes les composantes  ethno-confessionelles de la société irakienne ».

Encore quelques nuances importantes. Mevlut Tavutoglü, responsable du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères de Turquie, allé récemment à Erbil, dans une conversation avec Barzani a annoncé que « Ankara considérait que le choix de la date pour les élections concernant l’indépendance du Kurdistan ne convenait pas ». Devlet Bahceli,  leader du parti turc d’opposition , Parti du mouvement national (PND) a vu là un soutien masqué d’Ankara « pour la préparation par Barzani d’un référendum y inclus dans certaines villes turkmènes d’Irak »,  ce qui à son avis « s’avère, en son genre, une répétition pour la création d’un Kurdistan».

Dans le même temps, de nombreux experts turcs estiment que « même si une majorité de participants au référendum voteront pour, cela ne signifiera pas que les kurdes proclameront  la création d’un Etat propre ». Ils pensent que Erbil compte « recevoir appui  dans les pourparlers pour son autodétermination vis-à-vis de Bagdad de manière à y diminuer l’influence de l’Iran », ce en quoi est objectivement  intéressée Ankara. Pour l’instant le chef de l’autonomie kurde reçoit de nombreux diplomates étrangers, explique son point de vue, essaie de s’assurer un appui de l’étranger. En un mot il s’agit d’un grand jeu aux combinaisons multiples qui continue et s’approche d’une résolution intermédiaire.

26 août 2017,

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